A&N nos ciclos e eventos de vida: cenário e recomendações para gestantes

Com o objetivo de apoiar a prática do cuidado individual na Atenção Primária à Saúde, o Ministério da Saúde vêm desenvolvendo uma série de iniciativas para a qualificação do pré-natal e produziu um fascículo do Protocolo de Uso do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira na Orientação Alimentar de Gestantes. Nessa fase é particularmente relevante o consumo de uma grande variedade de alimentos in natura e minimamente processados além de muita água, para suprir a necessidade de nutrientes fundamentais para esse evento da vida. A alimentação saudável na gestação favorece o bom desenvolvimento fetal, a saúde e o bem-estar da gestante, além de prevenir o surgimento de agravos, como diabetes gestacional, hipertensão e ganho de peso excessivo. Para uma orientação alimentar mais adequada, é essencial que o profissional de saúde esteja atento a aspectos relacionados à vulnerabilidade social e renda, à rede de apoio, à idade da gestante e às condições de trabalho da pessoa gestante atendida. Outros fatores que necessitam de atenção no período gestacional são as alterações fisiológicas e sintomatologias que podem influenciar o consumo alimentar nesse evento da vida. Além disso, o acompanhamento do cenário alimentar e nutricional realizado por meio das consultas de pré-natal e acompanhamento do ganho de peso é uma ação preventiva de agravos relacionados à má nutrição e a curva de ganho de peso gestacional, disponível na caderneta de saúde da gestante é uma importante ferramenta na rotina de trabalho dos profissionais e equipes de saúde.

Application of a modified Poisson model in identifying factors associated with prevalence of pregnancy termination among women aged 15 ­ 49 years in Uganda

Background: Abortion in Uganda is illegal, only permitted when it places the pregnant mother at risk. This study aimed to apply the modified Poisson model in identifying factors associated with the prevalence of pregnancy termination among women of reproductive age in Uganda. Methods: The 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) data were used in this study. More than 18,000 women of the age of 15 ­ 49 years participated in this study. A modified Poisson model that incorporated sampling weights was used to establish the factors associated with pregnancy termination. Results: In Uganda, 18,506 (18.1%) had ever had a pregnancy terminated. The results revealed that, the woman's age [APR = 3.15, 95% CI: 2.72-3.63], being married [APR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.40-1.71], mass media exposure [APR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08-1.29], working status [APR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09-1.35], and having visited a health facility [APR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.31] were positively significantly associated with likelihood of pregnancy termination. Conclusion: There exists a significant proportion of women who have had their pregnancies terminated in Uganda. It is observed that woman's age, marital status, mass media exposure, having visited a health facility in the last 12 months and working status were main predictors. Based on these results, researchers concluded that the emphasis should be put on improving access to post-abortion care, contraceptive use and media exposure

Challenges encountered by human immunodeficiency virus positive pregnant women on taking antiretrovirals in a public health unit of the Manzini region, Swaziland

In Swaziland, the Ministry of Health adopted the prevention of mother-to-transmission (PMTCT) Option A as a feasible and less costly way to expand the PMTCT services nationwide. Despite major success since the programme started, some barriers, such as the challenge of follow-up care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive pregnant mothers still exist. The present study aimed to describe the challenges that HIV-positive pregnant mothers encountered on taking antiretrovirals (ARVs) in a health unit of the Manzini region, Swaziland. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research design was used, and data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and field notes. Purposive sampling was used to select the study site and the population. Permission was requested from the participants to record the interviews. The study population were HIV-positive pregnant mothers, aged between 18 and 40 years, which were enrolled in the PMTCT B+ programme. The PMTCT B+ programme was perceived as preventing the transfer of HIV transmission from mother to child. It boosts the mother's immune system, prevents opportunistic infections and prolongs life. Challenges of taking ARVs emerged as a theme. The participants displayed knowledge and understanding of the programme, yet discrimination and no support from families and partners were mentioned. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[5]: 41-49).

Health literacy of mothers on factors associated to pre-rupture of membranes on perinatal outcomes in Vhembe district, South Africa

Pre-rupture of membranes prior labour initiation could complicate approximately 5% of pregnancies and could be associated with a high incidence of perinatal morbidity and mortality complications. The major complications could be chorioamnionitis and cord compression resulting in hypoxia. This study aimed to assess the health literacy of mothers on perinatal outcomes following prerupture of membranes at Thulamela B clinics of Vhembe district. A quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The study population comprised a total of 210 lactating mothers within 6 weeks following delivery,irrespective of the mode of delivery were purposively selected. Data were collected by the researchers through self-administered questionnaires. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used for data analysis. The results are presented in the form of tables and graphs based on probability allowing judgment to be made on variables. Validity and reliability were ensured. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of Venda Research Ethics Committee and permission to access health facilities from the Limpopo Province Department of Health. Findings revealed that limited and inadequate health literacy towards pre-rupture of membranes contributes to perinatal morbidity and mortality, with associated factors like poor antenatal care attendance, delayed health seeking, defaulting, and loss of follow-up. Recommendations emphasise the provision of preconception and antenatal care where health information on risks and danger signs of PROM to perinatal outcomes are given were made. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[7]: 90-101).

Cómo hacer llegar la desparasitación a las adolescentes y mujeres en edad reproductiva. Informe del Grupo Asesor de la OMS sobre la desparasitación en las adolescentes y mujeres en edad reproductiva

El Grupo Asesor de la OMS sobre la desparasitación en adolescentes y mujeres en edad reproductiva convocó una reunión de expertos internacionales en el Centro de la Fundación Rockefeller de Bellagio (Italia) en junio del 2017. Los objetivos generales de la reunión fueron examinar la evidencia actual sobre la presencia y las repercusiones en la salud de las geohelmintiasis en las adolescentes y mujeres en edad reproductiva y determinar las brechas en la investigación; plantear las estrategias operativas para controlar las geohelmintiasis en cada uno de los diferentes subgrupos de adolescentes y mujeres en edad reproductiva (adolescentes, mujeres embarazadas, mujeres en lactancia y mujeres no embarazadas ni en lactancia); y definir un plan de acción para promover un mayor control de las geohelmintiasis en las adolescentes y mujeres en edad reproductiva. En este informe se describen esos objetivos, que se desagregaron en 12 subobjetivos y se abordaron en las cinco sesiones siguientes: introducción y orientación; evidencia; enseñanzas extraídas en el terreno; cómo avanzar; y recomendaciones y próximos pasos. Además, se incluye la Declaración de Bellagio, que se aprobó por unanimidad con motivo de la reunión.

Cómo hacer llegar la desparasitación a las adolescentes y mujeres en edad reproductiva. Informe del Grupo Asesor de la OMS sobre la desparasitación en las adolescentes y mujeres en edad reproductiva / How to get deworming to adolescents and women of reproductive age. Report of the WHO Advisory Group on deworming in adolescent girls and women of reproductive age

En el presente informe se describen esos objetivos, que se desagregaron en 12 subobjetivos y se abordaron en las cinco sesiones siguientes: introducción y orientación; evidencia; enseñanzas extraídas en el terreno; cómo avanzar; y recomendaciones y próximos pasos. Además, se incluye la Declaración de Bellagio, que se aprobó por unanimidad con motivo de la reunión

Fascículo 3: protocolos de uso do guia alimentar para a população brasileira na orientação alimentar de gestantes / Issue 3: protocols for the use of the food guide for the Brazilian population in the dietary guidance of pregnant women

Este terceiro fascículo da série Protocolos de Uso do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira tem como objetivo apresentar o Protocolo de Uso do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira na Orientação Alimentar de Gestantes como um instrumento de apoio à prática clínica no cuidado individual na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Na gestação, é particularmente relevante o consumo de uma grande variedade de alimentos in natura e minimamente processados e água, para suprir a necessidade de nutrientes fundamentais para esse evento da vida, como ferro, ácido fólico, cálcio, vitaminas A e D, entre outros. A alimentação saudável na gestação favorece o bom desenvolvimento fetal e a saúde e o bem-estar da gestante, além de prevenir o surgimento de agravos, como diabetes gestacional, hipertensão e ganho de peso excessivo. Segundo os dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) de 2017-2018, o padrão de consumo alimentar de gestantes no Brasil é caracterizado majoritariamente pelo consumo de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados, com destaque para o consumo de arroz, feijão, carnes, vísceras e frutas, e uma menor participação de alimentos ultraprocessados em comparação a seus pares não gestantes.

Calidad de la dieta de las amamantadoras utilizando el Índice de Alimentación Saludable / Qualidade da dieta de nutrizes utilizando o Índice de Alimentação Saudável / Diet quality of nursing mothers using the Healthy Eating Index

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad global de la dieta de las amamantadoras mediante el instrumento o Índice de Alimentación Saludable. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico observacional transversal, teniendo como instrumentos de colecta de datos un cuestionario semiestructurado para la caracterización de la muestra y el registro de ingestión habitual. La calidad de la dieta ha sido evaluada por el Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IAS) validado para la población brasileña. Para los análisis, se estimaron las medias y desvíos estándar, las medianas e intervalos intercuartílicos del IAS total y de cada componente. Se utilizó el test de Kolmogorov-Sminorv para probar la normalidad de los datos. Las medias de puntuación total del IAS por grupos de acuerdo con las variables sociodemográficas, nutricionales y obstétricas se evaluaron utilizando los tests t de Student, ANOVA y Test 'post hoc' de Tukey. Resultados: Se evaluaron 106 amamantadoras con media de puntuación del IAS total de 64,36±10,68 y los alimentos del grupo de las frutas total, fruta entera, cereal total, cereal integral y leche y derivados, fueron los componentes del IAS de las amamantadoras con menores puntuaciones, y con mayor frecuencia de nota mínima. Fue posible ver un bajo consumo de frutas totales, frutas enteras, cereales totales, cereales integrales y leche y derivados. En la comparación entre las medias y medianas de la puntuación total del IAS con las variables demográficas, socioeconómicas, nutricionales y obstétricas de las amamantadoras, se observó que mujeres con 12 o más años de estudio completo han tenido media significativamente mayor en relación a las amamantadoras con menor escolaridad

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade global da dieta das nutrizes utilizando como instrumento o Índice de Alimentação Saudável. Metodologia:Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal, tendo como instrumentos de coleta dos dados, um questionário semiestruturado para caracterização da amostra e o recordatório de ingestão habitual. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Alimentação Saudável (IAS) validado para a população brasileira. Para as análises, foram estimadas as médias e desvios padrão, as medianas e intervalos interquartílicos do IAS total e de cada componente. Utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Sminorv para testar a normalidade dos dados. As médias de pontuação total do IAS por grupos de acordo com as variáveis sociodemográficas, nutricionais e obstétricas foram avaliadas utilizando os testes t de Student, ANOVA e Teste 'post hoc' de Tukey. Resultados: Foram estudadas 106 nutrizes com média de pontuação do IAS total de 64,36±10,68 e os alimentos do grupo das frutas total, fruta inteira, cereal total, cereal integral e leite e derivados, foram os componentes do IAS das nutrizes com menores pontuações, e com maior frequência de nota mínima. Foi possível observar um baixo consumo de frutas totais, frutas inteiras, cereais totais, cereais integrais e leite e derivados. Na comparação entre as médias e medianas da pontuação total do IAS com as variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, nutricionais e obstétricas das nutrizes, observou-se que mulheres com 12 ou mais anos de estudo completos tiveram média significativamente maior em relação às nutrizes com menor escolaridade

Goal: To evaluate the overall diet quality of the nursing mothers using the Healthy Eating Index as an instrument. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional-observational-epidemiological study using as data collection instrument a semi-structured questionnaire to characterize the sample and the habitual intake reminder. The diet quality was evaluated through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) validated to the Brazilian population. For the analysis, we estimated the means and standard deviations, the medians and interquartile ranges of the HEI total and of each component. We used the Kolmogorov-Sminorvtest to verify the normality of the data. HEI total score averages by groups according to socio-demographic, nutritional and obstetric variables were assessed using Student's t-tests, ANOVA and Tukey's 'post hoc' test. Results: A total of 106 nursing mothers with a mean HEI score of 6 4.36 ± 10.68 were studied. Foods from the group of total fruit, whole fruit, total cereal, whole cereal and milk and dairy products were the components of HEI of the nursing mothers with lower scores, and with a higher frequency of minimum score. It was possible to observe a low intake of total fruits, whole fruits, total cereals, whole cereal and milk and dairy products. Comparing the means and medians of the total HEI score with the demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional and obstetric variables of the nursing mothers, we observed that women with 12 or more years of completed study had a significantly higher mean in relation to the less educated mothers

Epidemiological features of patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in Western Parana

Aim: : To describe the clinical, demographic and environmental features associated with NSCL/P(nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate) patients born in western Parana state, Brazil. Methods: Thiscross-sectional, observational, retrospective study included 188 patients attended at the Associationof Carriers of Cleft Lip and Palate - APOFILAB, Cascavel-Parana, between 2012 and 2014.Information on demographic characteristics, medical and dental histories and life style factors wereobtained from records and personal interviews. Results: Among the 188 patients, cleft lip and palate(CLP) was the most frequent subtype (55.8%), followed by cleft lip only (CLO, 25.0%) and cleft palateonly (CPO, 19.2%). Caucasian males were the most affected, although no differences among typesof cleft were observed. The otorhinolaryngologic and respiratory alterations were the most frequentsystemic alterations in NSCL/P patients, and more than 80% of the NSCL/P mothers reported novitamin supplements during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: This study revealed thatthe prevalence of nonsyndromic oral cleft types in this cohort was quite similar to previously reportedprevalence rates. Systemic alterations were identified among 23.4% of the patients and patientswith CLP were the most affected. History of maternal exposition to environmental factors related tononsyndromic oral clefts was frequent and most mothers reported no vitamin supplements duringthe pregnancy. This study highlights the importance of identifying systemic alterations and riskfactors associated with NSCL/P in the Brazilian population for planning comprehensive strategiesand integrated actions for the development of preventive programs and treatment.

Guideline: use of multiple micronutrient powders for point-of-use fortification of foods consumed by pregnant women

Member States have requested guidance from the World Health Organization on the effects and safety of the use of multiple micronutrient powders for point-of-use fortification of foods consumed by pregnant women. This guideline is intended to help Member States in their efforts to make evidence-informed decisions on the appropriate nutrition actions to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women. It will also support their efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, the global targets set by the Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition and the Global strategy for women's, children's, and adolescents' health 2016­2030. The guideline is intended for a wide audience, including governments, nongovernmental organizations, healthcare workers, scientists and donors involved in the design and implementation of micronutrient programmes and antenatal care services and their integration into national and subnational public health strategies and programmes. This WHO guideline states that routine use of multiple micronutrient powders during pregnancy is not recommended as an alternative to standard iron and folic supplementation during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant health outcomes.

Alimentación de las pacientes durante la etapa de puerperio atendidas en el hospital básico Shushufindi / Food intake patients during puerperium tretaed at the basic hospital Shushufindi

Fundamentos: Algunas creencias y costumbres relacionadas con la alimentación en mujeres indígenas pueden ocasionar problemas en el embarazo y post-parto. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la relación entre alimentación, creencias y costumbres asociadas al puerperio en mujeres indígenas atendidas en el Hospital Básico Shushufindi. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta para determinar las características culturales y costumbres alimentarias que mantenían durante su puerperio, así como los alimentos más consumidos. Resultados/Conclusión: Entre los principales resultados se observó que las pacientes mantenían malos hábitos alimenticios durante esta etapa, debido a las costumbres y creencias que han venido adquiriendo en sus hogares, y que traen consigo altos índices de anemia acompañados de problemas digestivos, que las obliga a consumir suplementos nutricionales (AU)

Background: Some believes and used in native women, related to food practices may lead to health problems during pregnancy and post-partum. Objective: The objective of this investigation is to know the relationship between food, beliefs, and custom associated with the puerperium in indigenous women who attended in the Hospital Basico Shushufindi. Methods: We realized a survey to determine the cultural characteristics and food customs that they maintain during the puerperium, just like the food most consumed. Results/Conclusions: Between the principal results we observed that the patients maintained bad food habits during this stage, due to the customs and beliefs that they had acquired in their houses, and they bring high rates of anemia accompanied by digestive problems, forcing them to consume nutritional supplements (AU)

El pediatra y las recomendaciones nutricionales en la mujer embarazada y que lacta / Pediatrician and nutritional recommendations during pregnancy and lactation

La alimentación y la actividad física antes y durante el embarazo afectan de forma importante a la salud de la madre y de su hijo. Además, el periodo de lactancia acarrea un aumento de las necesidades de energía y nutrientes para la madre. Existe cada vez un mayor número de datos científicos sobre la trascendencia de la alimentación en las primeras etapas de la vida y el riesgo de desarrollar posteriormente enfermedad, que se engloba en la noción de «la nutrición en los mil primeros días». La intervención nutricional preventiva debería comenzar en el periodo periconcepcional, prolongarse durante el embarazo y los primeros años de vida y continuar como un programa de desarrollo de hábitos de vida saludable. Durante estos periodos es preciso que la mujer consiga alcanzar una ingesta suficiente de determinados nutrientes, más que un aumento en el aporte energético total. El pediatra debe considerarse un agente de salud pública clave para mejorar los hábitos de salud de toda la población. Desde el Comité de Nutrición de la Asociación Española de Pediatría se ha considerado de interés que el pediatra conozca las recomendaciones actuales para la alimentación de la mujer embarazada y lactante, con el fin de ejercer su influencia sobre la salud del recién nacido y del lactante (AU)

Diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy affect short- and long-term health of mother and child. Breastfeeding period is also a demanding time for the mother. There are clear data supporting the influence of the first thousand days in the life of a child in her future health and in the risk of chronic diseases. Nutrition is one of the major influences during this period. Nutrition advice during the pre-conception period as well as during pregnancy may enhance future health in the siblings. There is a need for certain nutrients more than increased energy requirements. Pediatricians have an important role as public health agents and needs to know how to provide accurate nutrition advice during pregnancy and lactation. This document attempts to fill this information gap and to develop appropriate protocols and counselling materials on maternal nutrition (AU)

Promoção da alimentação materno infantil em um grupo operativo de gestantes / Promotion of maternal and infant feeding in a pregnant women's operative group

Ações educativas realizadas em grupos operativos possibilitamo intercâmbio de experiências e compreensão sobreo processo de gestação. Nesta pesquisa, objetivou-serelatar as atividades de um grupo operativo de gestantes,sobre o tema promoção da alimentação saudável maternoe infantil em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Os encontrosaconteceram, semanalmente, no período de agostode 2010 a janeiro de 2011. Os dados foram coletados pormeio da observação participante. Trabalhou-se a promo-ção da alimentação saudável com a utilização da música,atividades de desenho, pintura a dedo, colagem, montagemdos grupos de alimentos em EVA e dramatização,rodas de conversa, dinâmicas, exposições orais, além daverbalização sobre a relação do tema com a vida pessoalda gestante. O grupo operativo auxiliou a gestante no processode reflexão sobre o cuidado com sua alimentação,bem como a oferta de informações e sensibilização sobrea importância de uma alimentação adequada e saudávelpara ela e seu bebê.

Educational actions carried out in operative groups enablethe exchange of experience and understanding about thepregnancy process. The objective is to describe the activitiesof a pregnant women's operative group on the subject ofpromoting proper and healthy maternal and child feedingin a Basic Health Unit. The meetings took place weeklyfrom August 2010 to January 2011. Data were collectedby means of participative observation. Health nutritionwas promoted using music, drawing activities, fingerpainting, gluing work, food groups assembly using foodfigures, dramatization, conversation circles, dynamics,oral presentations, in addition to verbalization about therelation of the subject to the personal life of the pregnantwoman. The operative group helped the pregnant womanin the process of reflection on how to eat healthy food,as well as increase awareness of the importance of properand healthy feeding for her and her baby.

Estrategias efectivas para incrementar el consumo de la bebida láctea "Purita Mamá" en gestantes y nodrizas de la provincia de Ñuble, año 2012 / Effective strategies to increasing the consumption of the dairy drink "Purita Mamá" for pregnant and lacting women from the Ñuble province, year 2012

Objective: To identify effective strategies to increase the consumption of the product "Purita Mama" in pregnant and lactating women from Ñuble. Subjects and methods: Observational cross sectional study; two instruments were applied, the first one observing of consumption and acceptability of the product in pregnant and lactating women from a non-probabilistic sample; the second one applied to the health team showing major variations in the consumption from a non-probabilistic "intentional" sample. Results: The product was consumed by 38% of pregnant and 34.6% of lactating women; acceptability was regular in 54.6% and 48.2% of pregnant and lactating women, respectively. On the other hand, 34% of the professionals and technicians who work directly with pregnant and lactating women "did not know" the product. The main effective educational strategy implemented (60.2%), is product tasting. Conclusion: The largest consumption of the product is seen in those establishments who implement effective instructional strategies.

Objetivo: identificar estrategias efectivas para que los equipos de salud de la provincia de Ñuble - Chile incrementen el consumo del producto lácteo "Purita Mama" para gestantes y nodrizas. Sujetos y métodos: estudio observacional, pasivo de caso y control donde se aplicaron dos instrumentos, el primero de consumo y aceptabilidad del producto en gestantes y nodrizas a una muestra no probabilística "por cuota"; y el segundo, aplicado a los equipo de salud que presentó mayores variaciones en el consumo a una muestra no probabilística "intencional". Resultados: Consumen el producto 38% de las gestantes y 34,6% de las nodrizas; de las que lo consumen su aceptabilidad es regular en 54,6% de las gestantes y en 48,2% de las nodrizas. Por otra parte "no conocen el producto" 34% de los profesionales y técnicos que trabajan directamente con gestantes y nodrizas. La principal estrategia educativa efectiva implementada (60.2%), es la "degustación del producto". Conclusión: El mayor consumo del producto, se presenta en aquellos establecimientos donde se implementan estrategias educativas efectivas.

Relación entre habitos alimentarios y nivel de instrucción en embarazadas de 18 a 30 años. Escuela de Suboficiales Gendermeria Nacional. Jesús María. Córdoba, diciembre 2008-marzo 2009

Objetivo: Explorar los hábitos alimentarios en mujeres gendarmes embarazadas de la Escuela de Suboficiales de Gendarmería Nacional (2008-2009) en relación al nivel de instrucción como factor de vulnerabilidad. Material y Método: Población – Muestra: La población bajo estudio estuvo constituida por 31 embarazadas de 18 a 30 años de edad, que realizaron cursos de especialización en la Escuela de Suboficiales de Gendarmería Nacional. Dada la magnitud poblacional no se trabajó con muestra alguna. Tipo o enfoque de investigación: Es una investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva, de corte transversal. Técnica e instrumentos de recolección de datos: Los datos recogidos de las embarazadas fueron recolectados mediante la técnica de encuesta y el instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Cálculos Estadísticos: Para variables continuas se realizo cálculos estadísticos de media aritmética, mediana y moda. Para la relación de variables y subvariables en tablas cruzadas se realizo el test exacto de Fisher, dando un valor no significativo entre cada una de ellas. Conclusiones: No se aceptan las hipótesis de que existe relación entre hábitos alimentarios y el nivel instrucción en este grupo de embarazadas. Sugerencias: Continuar con el programa de captación continúa de embarazadas dentro del área de la Escuela de Suboficiales de Gendarmería Nacional, para acompañar durante el proceso de gestación

SUMMARY: Objective: explore the eating habits in pregnant women of the "Escuela de Suboficiales de Gendarmería Nacional" (2008 -2009), in relation to the level of education as a vulnerability factor. Materials and methods: Population-sample: the study population consisted of 31 pregnant women aged 18-30 who took specialization courses in the “Escuela de Suboficiales de Gendarmería Nacional.” Given the population magnitude, no sample was drawn. Research or approach type: descriptive, retrospective and cross-cutting research. Technique and data-collection instruments: The data-collection from pregnant women was made through a survey technique and the instrument used was a questionnaire with open-ended and closed questions. Statical calculations: for continuous variables, statical calculations of arithmetic mean, median and mode were made. For the relation between variables and sub-variables in cross-tabulations, Fisher’s exact test was used, and the value obtained was not significant. Conclusions: the hypothesis about the relation between these pregnant women’s eating habits and level of education was rejected. Suggestions: the programme for the continuous tracking of pregnant women in the “Escuela de Suboficiales de Gendarmería Nacional” must be carried on in order to accompany these women during their pregnancy